3,639 research outputs found
Artificial intelligence approaches for materials-by-design of energetic materials: state-of-the-art, challenges, and future directions
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as an enabling tool for
solving various complex materials design problems. This paper aims to review
recent advances in AI-driven materials-by-design and their applications to
energetic materials (EM). Trained with data from numerical simulations and/or
physical experiments, AI models can assimilate trends and patterns within the
design parameter space, identify optimal material designs (micro-morphologies,
combinations of materials in composites, etc.), and point to designs with
superior/targeted property and performance metrics. We review approaches
focusing on such capabilities with respect to the three main stages of
materials-by-design, namely representation learning of microstructure
morphology (i.e., shape descriptors), structure-property-performance (S-P-P)
linkage estimation, and optimization/design exploration. We provide a
perspective view of these methods in terms of their potential, practicality,
and efficacy towards the realization of materials-by-design. Specifically,
methods in the literature are evaluated in terms of their capacity to learn
from a small/limited number of data, computational complexity,
generalizability/scalability to other material species and operating
conditions, interpretability of the model predictions, and the burden of
supervision/data annotation. Finally, we suggest a few promising future
research directions for EM materials-by-design, such as meta-learning, active
learning, Bayesian learning, and semi-/weakly-supervised learning, to bridge
the gap between machine learning research and EM research
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Mechanisms of airfoil noise near stall conditions
The focus of this paper is on investigating the noise produced by an airfoil at high angles of attack over a range of Reynolds number
Re≈2×10⁵–4×10⁵. The objective is not modeling this source of noise but rather understanding the mechanisms of generation for surface pressure fluctuations, due to a separated boundary layer, that are then scattered by the trailing edge. To this aim, we use simultaneous noise and surface pressure measurement in addition to velocimetric measurements by means of hot wire anemometry and time-resolved particle image velocimetry. Three possible mechanisms for the so-called “separation-stall noise” have been identified in addition to a clear link between far-field noise, surface pressure, and velocity fields in the noise generation
Deep learning for synthetic microstructure generation in a materials-by-design framework for heterogeneous energetic materials
The sensitivity of heterogeneous energetic (HE) materials (propellants,
explosives, and pyrotechnics) is critically dependent on their microstructure.
Initiation of chemical reactions occurs at hot spots due to energy localization
at sites of porosities and other defects. Emerging multi-scale predictive
models of HE response to loads account for the physics at the meso-scale, i.e.
at the scale of statistically representative clusters of particles and other
features in the microstructure. Meso-scale physics is infused in
machine-learned closure models informed by resolved meso-scale simulations.
Since microstructures are stochastic, ensembles of meso-scale simulations are
required to quantify hot spot ignition and growth and to develop models for
microstructure-dependent energy deposition rates. We propose utilizing
generative adversarial networks (GAN) to spawn ensembles of synthetic
heterogeneous energetic material microstructures. The method generates
qualitatively and quantitatively realistic microstructures by learning from
images of HE microstructures. We show that the proposed GAN method also permits
the generation of new morphologies, where the porosity distribution can be
controlled and spatially manipulated. Such control paves the way for the design
of novel microstructures to engineer HE materials for targeted performance in a
materials-by-design framework
A physics-aware deep learning model for energy localization in multiscale shock-to-detonation simulations of heterogeneous energetic materials
Predictive simulations of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in
heterogeneous energetic materials (EM) are vital to the design and control of
their energy release and sensitivity. Due to the complexity of the
thermo-mechanics of EM during the SDT, both macro-scale response and sub-grid
mesoscale energy localization must be captured accurately. This work proposes
an efficient and accurate multiscale framework for SDT simulations of EM. We
employ deep learning to model the mesoscale energy localization of
shock-initiated EM microstructures upon which prediction results are used to
supply reaction progress rate information to the macroscale SDT simulation. The
proposed multiscale modeling framework is divided into two stages. First, a
physics-aware recurrent convolutional neural network (PARC) is used to model
the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated heterogeneous EM
microstructures. PARC is trained using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of
hotspot ignition and growth within microstructures of pressed HMX material
subjected to different input shock strengths. After training, PARC is employed
to supply hotspot ignition and growth rates for macroscale SDT simulations. We
show that PARC can play the role of a surrogate model in a multiscale
simulation framework, while drastically reducing the computation cost and
providing improved representations of the sub-grid physics. The proposed
multiscale modeling approach will provide a new tool for material scientists in
designing high-performance and safer energetic materials
Nonlinear interfacial waves in a constant-vorticity planar flow over variable depth
Exact Lagrangian in compact form is derived for planar internal waves in a
two-fluid system with a relatively small density jump (the Boussinesq limit
taking place in real oceanic conditions), in the presence of a background shear
current of constant vorticity, and over arbitrary bottom profile. Long-wave
asymptotic approximations of higher orders are derived from the exact
Hamiltonian functional in a remarkably simple way, for two different
parametrizations of the interface shape.Comment: revtex, 4.5 pages, minor corrections, summary added, accepted to JETP
Letter
Outcomes of submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinomas removed by endoscopic mucosal resection
AIM:
To investigate the outcomes and recurrences of pT1b esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and associated treatments.
METHODS:
Patients undergoing EMR with pathologically confirmed T1b EAC at two academic referral centers were retrospectively identified. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on treatment following EMR: Endoscopic therapy alone (group A), endoscopic therapy with either chemotherapy, radiation or both (group B), surgical resection (group C) or no further treatment/lost to follow-up (< 12 mo) (group D). Pathology specimens were reviewed by a central pathologist. Follow-up data was obtained from the academic centers, primary care physicians and/or referring physicians. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predicting recurrence of EAC.
RESULTS:
Fifty-three patients with T1b EAC underwent EMR, of which 32 (60%) had adequate follow-up ≥ 12 mo (median 34 mo, range 12-103). There were 16 patients in group A, 9 in group B, 7 in group C and 21 in group D. Median follow-up in groups A to C was 34 mo (range 12-103). Recurrent EAC developed overall in 9 patients (28%) including 6 (38%) in group A (median: 21 mo, range: 6-73), 1 (11%) in group B (median: 30 mo, range: 30-30) and 2 (29%) in group C (median 21 mo, range: 7-35. Six of 9 recurrences were local; of the 6 recurrences, 5 were treated with endoscopy alone. No predictors of recurrence of EAC were identified.
CONCLUSION:
Endoscopic therapy of T1b EAC may be a reasonable strategy for a subset of patients including those either refusing or medically unfit for esophagectomy
Intestinal Mucosal Triacylglycerol Accumulation Secondary to Decreased Lipid Secretion in Obese and High Fat Fed Mice
The ectopic deposition of fat in liver and muscle during obesity is well established, however surprisingly little is known about the intestine. We used the ob/ob mouse and C57BL6/J mice fed a high fat (HF) diet to examine the effects of obesity and the effects of HF feeding, respectively, on intestinal mucosal triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation. Male C57BL6/J (wild-type, WT) mice were fed low fat (LF; 10% kcal as fat) or HF (45%) diets, and ob/ob mice were fed the LF diet, for 3 weeks. In this time frame, the WT–HF mice did not become obese, enabling independent examination of effects of the HF diet and effects of obesity. Analysis of intestinal lipid extracts from fed and fasted animals demonstrated that the mucosa, like other tissues, accumulates excess lipid. In the fed state, mucosal triacylglycerol (TG) levels were threefold and fivefold higher in the WT–HF and ob/ob mice, respectively, relative to the WT–LF mice. In the fasted state, mucosa from ob/ob mice had threefold higher TG levels relative to WT–LF mucosa. q-PCR analysis of mucosal mRNA from fed state mice showed alterations in the expression of several genes related to both anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism pathways in WT–HF and ob/ob mice relative to WT–LF controls. Fewer changes were found in mucosal samples from the fasted state animals. Remarkably, oral fat tolerance tests showed a striking reduction in the plasma appearance of an oral fat load in the ob/ob and WT–HF mice compared to WT–LF. Overall, the results demonstrate that the intestinal mucosa accumulates excess TG during obesity. Changes in the expression of lipid metabolic and transport genes, as well as reduced secretion of dietary lipid from the mucosal cells into the circulation, may contribute to the TG accumulation in intestinal mucosa during obesity. Moreover, even in the absence of frank obesity, HF feeding leads to a large decrease in the rate of intestinal lipid secretion
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